Quadraspidiotus perniciosus quadraspidiotus perniciosus 19980901 00. Males responded equally well to two isomers of pheromone at rates of 33900. The aerial dispersal of san jose scale, quadraspidiotus perniciosus comstock, crawlers within the apple tree. Two to 10 years following release in apple trees the parasite was found well established onq. San jose scale is a sporadic pest in well maintained commercial fruit orchards severe infestations can kill limbs, cause deformed and poor colored fruit, reduce yields. Morphometric analyses and a key for quadraspidiotus diaspidiotus males are.
Now it attacks apple, cherry, plum, peach, apricot, pear, walnut, almond, strawberry, chestnut, grapes, raspberry and many wild temperate plants. Distribution of quadraspidiotus perniciosus san jose. A few ellipticalshaped scales larger male immatures may be interspersed among the otherwise round scales. Comstockaspis perniciosa quadpeoverview eppo global database. Inra antibes damage on pear the change in colour of the epidermis is due to the presence of scale insects. Pyracantha and cotoneaster are especially susceptible to severe damage. Quadraspidiotus perniciosus comstock, eppo bulletin 10. An attractant, and synthesis thereof, for the san jose scale, quadraspidiotus perniciosus. Two components, present in approximately equal amounts, were identified as z3,7dimethyl2,7octadien1yl propanoate and 3methylene7methyl7octen1yl propanoate. Effect of temperature on development, fecundity, and life. This species is known to infest over 60 species of fruit and ornamental trees and shrubs. Half of the experimental area was used as a check field no application and in the rest a chemical insecticide was used.
Biological control of the san jose scalequadraspidiotus perniciosus comstock homoptera. A small reddish area often develops on the twigs around the feeding scale and extends internally to the xylem. San jose scale, quadraspidiotus perniciosus and its control guide h428 l. San jose scale quadraspidiotus perniciosus digitalcommons. Spatial distribution of san jose scale diaspidiotus perniciosus hemiptera. Methylbromide gassing of planting fruit stock against the san jose scale quadraspidiotus perniciosus. For publication in journals, books or magazines, permission should be obtained from the original photographers with a copy to eppo. View enhanced pdf access article on wiley online library html view download pdf for offline viewing. Quadraspidiotus perniciosus wikibooks, open books for an. San jose scale, quadraspidiotus perniciosus and its control. Quadraspidiotus perniciosus, aspidiotus, san jose scale. Read quadraspidiotus perniciosus comstock, eppo bulletin on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands.
The scales feed on the sap of twigs and small branches weakening and sometimes killing cells around the feeding site. Pdf karyotype of quadraspidiotus perniciosus anupriya potan. Pdf a population of san jose scale diaspidiotus perniciosus on an unsprayed red delicious apple tree. Ultrasound treatments to control surface pests of fruit in. It is an agricultural pest as it causes damage and crop losses to many fruit crops. Prospaltella perniciosi tower was imported in greece to aid in the biological control ofquadraspidiotus perniciosus comstock.
Response of san jose scale 1 to natural and synthetic sex. Though over 60 plants serve as hosts of san jose scale, apple, peach, pear, pyracantha, quince and cotoneaster are most susceptible. The san jose scale is a hemipterous insect quadraspidiotus perniciosus in the family diaspididae. Pdf mortality of san jose scale diaspidiotus perniciosus. Opie colony on apple the change in colour of the epidermis reveals the presence of scale insects quadraspidiotus perniciosus comstock benassy c. Scale insects feed on plants by inserting their stylets into leafy or woody tissues and continually withdrawing plant juices. Pdf san jose scale quadraspidiotus perniciosus is a key pest of apple crop in the northern states of india. Considering that these trees also suffer damage by. Establishment of the imported parasiteprospaltella perniciosi hym. The interpolation took the mountainous topography into consideration. From wikibooks, open books for an open world quadraspidiotus perniciosus.
Monitoring and control of quadraspidiotus perniciosus. Comstockaspis perniciosa quadpephotos eppo global database. Diaspididae is a commercially worldwide pest of fruit and ornamental trees. This page was last edited on december 2019, at 20. Airborne dispersal of san jose scale, quadraspidiotus perniciosus. San jose scale quadraspidiotus perniciosus diane g. Quadraspidiotus perniciosus comstock 1981 eppo bulletin. The latest versions of adobe reader do not support viewing pdf files within. The ultrastructure of spermiogenesis in four species of coccoidea, namely quadraspidiotus perniciosus and pseudaulacaspis pentagona diaspididae, as well as planococcus citri and planococcus ficus pseudococcidae, is described. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Department of agriculture, yakima agricultural research laboratory. Diaspidiotus perniciosus comstock quadraspidiotus perniciosus comstock common names. Female scales have a circular cover that is light to dark grey or brown and 1.
Quadraspidiotus perniciosus guide to nursery and landscape. It was accidentally introduced into india at around 1910. Sorry, we are unable to provide the full text but you may find it at the following locations. San jose scale quadraspidiotus perniciosus authors. Aspidiotus perniciasus chou, 1985 quadraspidiotus perniciosus borchsenius, 1966 aspidiotus andromelas borchsenius, 1966 aspidiotus albopunctatus borchsenius, 1966 hemiberlesiana perniciosa lindinger, 1957 aspidiotus perniciosus merrill, 1953 aspidiotus fuscus ferris, 1941 quadraspidiotus. Your use of this pdf, the bioone complete website, and all posted and. Parasitism by indigenous natural enemies, mostlyaphytis spp. Print friendly pdf this publication is scheduled to be updated and reissued 106. The sjs was the first insect to develop resistance to a pesticide in the u. The highly polyphagous scale quadraspidiotus perniciosus comstock rhynchota. Resistance management for san jose scale hemiptera.
Abstract the san jose scale diaspidiotus perniciosus comstock is one of. Response of male san jose scale, quadraspidiotus perniciosus comstock, to female produced and synthetic sex pheromones was studied in washington and california. Article pdf available january 1989 with 1,608 reads. This is a widely distributed pest of temperate fruits in himalaya. Effectiveness of a new insecticide diofenolan for control of san jost scale, quadraspidiotus perniciosus comstock diaspididae, on peach trees in northern greece. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Greenhouse bioassays and field tests have shown that the compounds are independently. The aim of this study was monitoring and control of quadraspidiotus perniciosus on apple trees, in the prefecture of florina, greece. Distribution of quadraspidiotus perniciosus san jose scale. English, extension entomologist college of agriculture, consumer and environmental sciences new mexico state university.
The seasonal flight of san jose scale sjs, quadraspidiotus perniciosus comstock, males was studied during 19841987 in peach and nectarine orchards, under two different climatic conditions in central macedonia northern greece, using sex pheromone traps. It is covered with rounded darkgray scale with 2 larval exuviae in the center. Media in category aspidiotus perniciosus the following 3 files are in this category, out of 3 total. Insect determination manual for the european part of ussr.
The main hosts are apples, peaches, pears, plums and rubus. The scale has dark concentric rings that can be seen under a magnifying glass. All photos included on this page can only be used for educational purposes. If left uncontrolled, scale can make fruit unmarketable and even kill the tree. View notes quadraspidiotus perniciosus from bus 340 at north carolina state university.
Similarly to other coccids, during spermiogenesis sperm nuclei elongate towards the plasma membrane, forming a. San jose scale, quadraspidiotus perniciosus comstock, life cycle dsir information series c. Read quadraspidiotus perniciosus comstock, eppo bulletin on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. A geographic information system was used to create a surface representation of 1990 pheromone. Flagellar sensilla of quadraspidiotus perniciosus comstock. Flight of san jose scale, quadraspidiotus perniciosus males. The sex pheromone of the san jose scale, quadraspidiotus perniciosus comstock, was isolated from airborne collections on porapak q.
The ultrastructure of spermiogenesis in four species of. The development, reproduction, and life history of encarsia citrina craw were studied in the laboratory on san jose scale, quadraspidiotus perniciosus comstock, at constant temperatures of 15, 17. San jose scale quadraspidiotus perniciosus by diane. San jose scale, quadraspidiotus perniciosus comstock, life. Notwithstanding its extreme economical importance and the large number of studies on behaviour, ecology, distribution, and control of this species rosen, 1990, tremblay, 1995, domenichini, 1960, mathys and guignard, 1965.
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